Pile-wire cutter



Sept. v16, 1930. M B. BEHRMAN 1,775,928

PILE WIRE CUTTER Filed Feb. 2,' 192e ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 16, 1930 UNETED STATES PATENT OFFICE MARCUS B. BEHRMAN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE LOX SEAL COR- PORATION, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK PILE-WIRE CUTTER Application filed February 2, 1928.

My present invention relates generally to pile wires, and more particularly to certain improvements therein and in the entire pile wire assembly whereby increased cutting efficiency, among other things, is achieved.

It is well known that in looms which employ pile wires during the manufacture of pile fabrics, the warp threads are generally looped over these wires during the weaving, the pile wires being subsequently withdrawn. In the manufacture of cut pile fabrics, blades or cutters are so associated with the pile Wires that when the latter are withdrawn the blades will operate to cut through the loops. Due to the rapidity with which such pile wires are withdrawn 'and the number of threads which are cut by each blade during each withdrawal, and for other well-understood reasons, the cutting edges of the blades are subjected to extreme wear.

It is an object of my present invention to provide a pile wire assembly, and more particularly, a pile wire wherein the wearing qualities and efficiency of blades of the foregoing character are greatly increased.

I achieve this general object by so constructing the pile wire that in the employment thereof, a maximum cutting efficiency is attained. More particularly, I have provided a construction wherein the mutual encounter between cutting edge and loop is in each case of a character which results in having the cutting edge most effectively and most eiificiently pass through the material of the loop. This is of particular importance in the manufacture of fabrics wherein the loops to be cut are of relatively tough material such as goats hair, or where the threads are not thoroughly washed, or where the threads for similar reasons impose increased demands upon the cutting edges of the blades.

One phase of my invention has already been described and illustrated by me in my co-pending application No. 6,687, filed F ebruary 4, 1925. I have found that in pile wire assemblies wherein the cutting edge of the blade is positioned at an angle to the axis of the pile wire, the nature and character of the actual cutting operation changes its character entirely at a predetermined critical angle SeriaI No. 251,274.

of the cutting edge to that axis. That is, where the angle is such that the individual loops or threads are made to encounter always a single point or substantially a short length of the cutting edge, the cutting edge is soon rendered valueless and the blade must be discarded. Apart from this disadvantageous continual wear upon a limited point or porti-on of the cutting edge, an arrangement of this character relies in a large measure upon the impact between the cutting edge and the loop. This impact is not only wearing upon the cutting edge but also upon the pile wire as a. whole, and is by no means 1ncident to the art of efficiently cutting a thread by means of a blade.

As described in the aforementioned pending application, I have found that where the angle of the cutting edge to the pile wire aXis is reduced to or beyond a critical angle of approximately l0", and to an approximate angle of five degrees, the entire nature of the cutting encounter changes, and instead of an impact serving as an important factor in the cutting procedure, such impact is dispensed with entirely, and the sudden disadvanta geous chopping is supplanted by a gradual and efficient sawing action. An encounter of the latter character serves to cut through the loops gradually and serves also to increase the effective life of the cutting edge because of the uniform subjection of the entire edge to the encounter with the loop.

Although certain phases of my present invention are quite independent of the employment of the foregoing construction of relatively small cutting edge angularity, I have found the practice of my present invention to be particularly effective in connection with such an arrangement for the following reason.

The efficiency of a cutting encounter botween a sharpened or cutting edge and a thread is increased in a well known manner if the thread is relatively taut. Pursuant to the general object of my present invention, l aim to achieve an encounter of this character. One feature of construction which leads to this goal Lies in the employment of a low angularity arrangement of the character ln the embodiment her-ein illustrated,v lk

` the cutting edge and loop is in the nature of a sudden impact or chop. y

Directed toward the achievenientlofthis saine general object is the important feature of niy`invention which provides means for gradually tensioning the vloops preparatory` tothe cutting thereof by means independent of the cutting edgeitself, and more particularly, by'nieans associated with the pile wire andr operable yduring movement thereof. ifa-n important feature -of lmy invention lies in providingmeans for tensioning the loops in -a direction or directions transverse to the plane of the blade; Accordingly, where` a lowY angu-larityy `bladel arrangement is employed, achieve a gradual tensioning of each loop in practically three distinct directions, thusserving noty only to increasethe efficiency' ofthe cutting encounter, but also to assure a thorough sawing Athrough ofthe vloop bythe low angle blade.

f *have Vshownafpile wire wherein a portion is constructedy to accommodate a blade of the Acharacter mentioned; and l have constructed this portion with opposite surfaces whichldi'- verge so as to constitute wedge surfaces for the purposeslabove outlined. The arrangement is such that-a gradual tensioning of the loops is successively accomplished beginning at a time prior to the first cutting encounter and continuingl untilth'e cutting operation` has been completed. e

y Obviously, theflast-nientionedphase of invention, relating to the means-#independent of the cutting edge or'blade-for tension#k ing theloops, is wholly independent of the kemployment of' any yparticular type, shape,

or arrangement of blade; and for-example, fulfills its' highly desirable function evenin connection with a blade Whose cutting edge is parallel to the pile. wire axis.

For tliefattainment ofthe foregoing objectsjand' such other objects' asmayhereinafter appear or be pointed out, Iliaveconstructeda vdeviceembodying the features ofl ymy inventionand-"illustrated inthe accom-V panying drawings in which-4 n Y l Figurel' sa topl viewfoftlie forward end cfa pilef wire'partially treated to embody the -fea/tures of-my p'resentinvention Figure 2`isa view-similar to flfigure l after 'the treatment has beeny completed; 'Figure 3 is anelevational'view showinga low angle blade operatively positioned with-r inthe pile wire shown in Figure 2; and

, Figure 4t is a top view upon an exaggerated .scale of the pile wire operatively yassociated with a series of warp loops during the cuttiiig'of the latter. l

ln Figure l, l

of a pile wire, this end being, for the purpose have shown the forward kendV l of explaining the;` present invention, formed upon thebody of tliepile'wire.A vObi'if'iusly, it 75 is immaterialv Vfrom" the. present standpoint i whetherror not this end is independently con-V structed and subsequently associated with the body ofthe pile wire. `1() represents the main portion of the pile wire, and it will be noted that the forward end 11 is of increased width.

Figure l shows one method of constructing `a device of the present character, andit will be noted that the opposite sides 12 and 13 of the portion 11 are initially parallel to each other.

A channel or groove '14' is provided in theV portion l1 in any desired manner and of Vany desiredV structural' nature for accommodating a wafer type blade therein. vAt the extreme `forward end of the pile wire an enlcrged spoon-'shaped head 15 is provided in a weil known manner, the latterwbeing provided with a struck-up or abntment'lt for predetermined engagement with ythe, blade for holding the latteriii position; i

causel a gradual merging between the opposite sides of thebody 1Q andthe opposite sides yl2 and 13. This is accomplished by: grinding or similarly beveling olf the rear portions of the sides 12 and 18, the einbodimentillustrated showing V,this bevel'as extending ytovward approximately the middle' of the channel 14, i. e., to approximately thepoints 17 of Figure 2. kAfter this grinding or bevelving has been accomplished, it will Vbe noted that the sides 12 and 13 convergein a gradual manner toward ythe rear of the pile wire.

" In Figure' l have Vshown-.a wafer type lblade 18 cut away at one end to provide the finger 18", and so dimensioned that when the blade 18isin position within thechannel or groove la, with the wall 18" in engagement withthe adjacent end of tab16, the finger 18 will extend beyond'mdl the left ofi the tab "i515 y16, thus positively preventing the finger 18 The cutting edge 19 is inclined'V to the Vaxis of the pile wire in aA niaiinerwhichis A'broadly well known; but kl haveshownthe blade with its cuttingedge 19'ari'anged at the relatively Y Y fet "The device of Figure l 's then ltreated to" `vico from kmoving upwardly and into the space l below thetab 16. l' l i small angle'mentioned;'hereinbefore and in my previous application, thisiangle beingapy proximately iive degrees.

rlhe operation of my device will be obvious from whatv has gone before.V Thus, in Fign ure 4@ l have shown, for illustrative purposes, a setof warp-threadslEZO,l the alternate ones thereof providing loops' `which extend ist IlO

over the pile wire 10. To each side of the pile wire have shown a weft thread 22.

It will be understood that the pile wire 10 of Figure l is only one of many which will probably be associated With the fabric during its manufacture. At the proper time, all of the pile wires are withdrawn to the right, thereby advancing the cutting edges to encounter and cut the loops overlying the respective wires. In Figure 4 I have shown the pile wire 10 in the position it would assume after a short portion of its movement to the right has been effected.

VApproximately the four loops 2l at the right of Figure 4 are still relatively loose. The wedge surfaces 12 and 13 have already encountered and commenced to tension the fifth, sixth, and seventh loops. The remaining loops are shown in varying degrees of encounter with the cutting edge 19, the loop furthest to the lef-t being shown tensioned to the maximum degree by the surfaces or sides 12 and 13. It may be that the latter loop has already been cut partially the fabric being made,

, through by the cutting edge 19, but whether this is so or not, the continuous movement of the pile wire to the right will complete the cutting thereof ina gradual and eliicient manner. The same is true successively of the other loops to be encountered.

It will thus be seen that although my device is an extremely simple one, nevertheless it achievesa cutting of loops in a highly efcient manner, resulting in. an increased life of the blade employed, in a total absence of shock and strain, and with full appreciation of the numerous factors entering into a cutting encounter of maximum etliciency. Many of the details herein described and illustrated for the purpose of explaining the nature of my invention may be changed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims. It is therefore intended that these details be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I'Iavingthus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters-Patent is z*- 1. In a pile wire which includes a blade and which is designed for employment with a loom wherein movement of the pile wire advances the blade to cut certain loops of means associated with the pile wire and operable during the movement thereof for tensioning said loops prevparatory to the cutting thereof, said means comprising a blade-holding pile wire portion having gradually diverging walls.

2. As a new article of manufacture, a pile wire comprising a U-shaped channelled blade-holding portion adapted -to receive a blade in the channel with the cutting edge thereof projecting thereabove, the opposite exterior surfaces of said portion converging gradually toward the rear end of the pile wire whereby the loop to be cut Will be tensioned preparatory to and during the cutting operation.

3. In a pile wire assembly, the combination with a wafer type blade having a cutting edge, of a pile wire provided with a channel for supporting said blade therein with its cutting edge arranged at an angle of less than 10 to the axis of the pile wire, said channel having its lateral exterior sides converging gradually in the direction in which the pile wire moves when the cutting edge functions.

4. In a pile wire assembly, the combination with a substantially triangular wafer type blade having a cutting edge, of a pile wire provided with a channelled portion adapted to receive said blade therein with its cutting edge arranged at an angle to the axis of the pile wire, the opposite interior walls of said channel being substantially parallel to accommodate the blade therebetween, and the external opposite sides of said channelled portion being shaped to converge gradually in the direction in which the pile wire is moved in order to cause said cutting edge to function.

In witness whereof I have signed this specification.

MARCUS B. BEHRMAN. 

